1. Advanced Tense Usage

• Present Perfect Continuous vs Present Perfect
• Narrative tenses (Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect)
• Past Perfect (affirmative, negative, questions)
• Future Continuous
• Future Perfect

2. Conditionals – Advanced

• Second Conditional (unreal present)
• Third Conditional (unreal past)
• Mixed Conditionals
• Alternatives to if (unless, provided, as long as)

3. Passive Voice – Advanced

• Passive with modals
• Passive with reporting verbs (It is said that…)
• Get passive

4. Reported Speech – Advanced

• Reported questions
• Reported commands & requests
• Reporting verbs (advise, suggest, warn, promise)

5. Modals – Advanced Meaning

• Modals of deduction (must have, might have, can’t have)
• Past modals (should have, could have)
• Degrees of certainty

6. Relative Clauses – Advanced

• Non-defining relative clauses
• Whose / Where / When
• Reduced relative clauses (The man standing there…)

7. Complex Sentence Structures

• Noun clauses (What he said was…)
• Cleft sentences (It is… that…)
• Emphasis with inversion (Never have I…)

8. Gerunds & Infinitives – Advanced

• Perfect infinitive (to have done)
• Verb patterns with objects
• Formal structures

9. Linking Devices – Paragraph Level (IELTS Writing)

• Contrast: However, Nevertheless, On the other hand
• Cause & effect: Therefore, As a result
• Addition: Moreover, Furthermore
• Example: For instance, Such as

10. Prepositions – Advanced Use

• Prepositions after adjectives & verbs
• Dependent prepositions
• Prepositions in formal writing

11. Articles – Advanced

• Abstract nouns & articles
• Articles with institutions
• Zero article in academic English

12. Style & Register

• Formal vs informal grammar
• Hedging language (It seems that…, It is likely that…)
• Avoiding repetition & redundancy